儿童COVID-19的临床特征：一项关于SARS、MERS及COVID-19的系统评价

目的 系统总结新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）儿童病例的临床特征。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、重庆维普和万方数据库，搜集关于儿童COVID-19的临床研究，检索时限均为建库至2020年5月21日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后，对纳入研究进行描述性分析。并与严重呼吸窘迫综合征（SARS）、中东呼吸综合征（MERS）儿童病例相关指标进行比较。结果 共纳入75个研究，包括COVID-19儿童病例806例。研究结果显示：患儿年龄在生后36?h到18岁不等，男女比例为1.21?：?1。与SARS、MERS病例类似，COVID-19病例最常见感染方式为家庭聚集感染，占74.6%（601/806）。COVID-19、SARS及MERS病例临床症状相似，以发热、咳嗽为主。部分患儿出现消化道症状。上述三者无症状感染儿童比例分别为17.9%（144/806）、2.5%（2/81）及57.1%（12/21）。COVID-19、MERS病例胸部影像学病变以双侧为主，病变阳性率分别为63.4%（421/664）及26.3%（5/19），均低于其病毒核酸检测阳性率（分别为99.8%及100%）。而SARS病例胸部影像学以单侧病变为主，其影像学阳性率为88.9%（72/81），高于病毒核酸检测阳性率（29.2%）。COVID-19及SARS患儿粪便中均检测到病毒核酸，检测阳性率分别为60.2%（56/93）、71.4%（5/7）。COVID-19患儿重症率及病死率分别为4.5%（31/686）、0.1%（1/806）；SARS儿童重症率及病死率分别为1.5%（1/68）、0%；MERS儿童重症率及病死率分别为14.3%（3/21）、9.5%（2/21）。结论 儿童COVID-19临床症状与儿童SARS、MERS相似，以发热、咳嗽为主，均存在无症状感染者，但COVID-19和SARS儿童的病情较MERS轻。家庭聚集感染为COVID-19儿童重要的感染方式。流行病学接触史、影像学检查及病毒核酸检测结果是诊断COVID-19的重要依据。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for early stage tongue cancer—a 14-year single-centre experience

This study was performed to report the usage of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinical stage I or II tongue cancer patients with cN0 necks seen over a 14-year period. Data were collected prospectively, and a retrospective analysis was performed of 41 patients with early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and a cN0 neck. Sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive patients underwent elective neck dissection, whereas SLN-negative patients were kept under careful observation. Seven of the 41 (17%) patients enrolled in the study were found to have occult metastases. The patients were followed up for a mean duration of 92 months (range 60–144 months). The neck recurrence rate for SLN-positive patients was 0% and for SLN-negative patients was 3%. The authors recommend the routine use of SLNB in patients with early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and a cN0 neck. Furthermore, special focus should be placed on isolated tumour cells, as their presence is of high clinical relevance.     

Long‐term subjective tongue function after partial glossectomy

There have been limited studies of subjective tongue function over long‐term follow‐up in spite of swallowing and articulation disorders are common complications of glossectomy. To assess long‐term subjective swallowing and articulation function after partial glossectomy. A total of 63 patients with the mobile tongue cancer who underwent partial glossectomy without reconstruction were interviewed to score their swallowing and articulation function on a 100‐point scale. The relation of this subjective scoring to the perioperative data was subjected to multivariate analysis. The mean patient age was 53·4 (19–81) years, and the mean follow‐up duration was 78·9 (14–277) months. Mean swallowing and articulation function score was 87·7 ± 6·1 and 88·6 ± 5·4. Age, follow‐up duration, T stage and resection volume were significantly correlated with swallowing function (P = 0·026, 0·029, 0·016, 0·002, respectively); follow‐up duration was correlated with articulation function (P = 0·039). Patients who undergo partial glossectomy without reconstruction generally demonstrate good function on long‐term follow‐up. Subjective dysfunction was correlated with larger resection volume, older age and shorter follow‐up duration.     

基于文献的喜炎平注射液不良反应分布特征探索

摘 要 目的：了解喜炎平注射液上市后研究中不良反应（ADR）发生水平及分布特征。方法：以“喜炎平”或“Xiyanping”为检索词,检索Cochrane 图书馆、Medline、EMbase、SinoMed、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data,由两位研究者独立筛选和提取资料,分析采用Stata 14.0软件。结果：共纳入1 587项研究,其中随机对照试验、队列研究和无对照随访研究分别占90.2%,6.8%和3.0%。共涉及1 778个喜炎平注射液用药组,其中823组报告了ADR发生信息（46.3%）,共涉及患者62 464例,报道ADR 1 244例,整体发生率为1.8%（95%可信区间：1.7%~2.1%）。前三位构成为消化系统损害（40.7%）、皮肤及附件损害（23.6%）和用药部位疼痛（8.4%）,但涉及药品及对应处理的报告比例较低（低于30%）。Meta回归调整协变量后,无对照随访研究、≤1岁年龄组的ADR发生率相对较低,而每日用药≥2次时、疗程≥1周时、合并抗菌药用药或其他中成药用药时,发生率相对较高。结论：鉴于用药频率越高、服药时间越长、合并用药时,ADR发生率相对较高,建议尽量避免过于频繁或长期使用喜炎平注射液,并谨慎联合用药。同时,建议充分利用医疗大数据开展更多关于儿童的足够规模的主动监测。此外,现有文献质量堪忧的问题,也急需研究者、企业、期刊和政府充分重视,各司其职营造高质量证据诞生的必要氛围。     

呑咽功能训练联合舌肌训练治疗脑卒中后呑咽障碍患者的效果观察

目的 探讨呑咽功能训练联合舌肌训练在脑卒中后呑咽障碍患者中的应用效果.方法 收集84例脑卒中后呑咽障碍患者随机分为两组,对照组患者采取常规治疗,观察组加用呑咽功能训练联合舌肌训练治疗,比较两组患者呑咽障碍治疗效果、治疗前后标准与电视透视吞咽功能、日常生活能力与生活质量.结果 观察组患者治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组患者治疗后吞咽功能评分表(SSA)评分显著低于对照组,视频透视吞咽检查(VFSS)评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组患者治疗后改良Barthel指数(MBI)与吞咽障碍特异性生活质量表(SWAL-QOL)评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 呑咽功能训练联合舌肌训练在脑卒中后呑咽障碍患者中的效果显著,具有借鉴价值.     

顺铂和氟脲嘧啶联合术前诱导化疗治疗舌鳞癌的临床应用

目的研究顺铂(cisplatin CDDP)和5-氟脲嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)联合术前诱导化疗对口腔舌鳞癌的抗瘤作用.方法 对36例口腔舌鳞癌患者采用顺铂和氟脲嘧啶联合术前诱导化疗,总计量CDDP 80 mg·m-2、5-FU 2.0 g,在4 d内平均给予.结果以肿瘤体积缩小50%以上或症状明显缓解为有效,总有效率为66.7%,化疗的主要毒副反应为胃肠反应91.7%.结论 CDDP和5-FU联合诱导化疗方案对舌癌能够取得明显的近期疗效.     

Cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment of tongue carcinoma is a heterogeneous cell population

ObjectivesTo examine different immunophenotypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and to investigate how they related to clinical outcomes.MethodsSerial sections from 54 cases of TSCC were immunohistochemically stained with α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, CAF marker) to determine CAF density, and double-immunostained with αSMA combined with CD80 and CD86 (myeloid/monocytic-derived cell markers), Nanog (mesenchymal stem cell marker) and CD133 (hematopoietic/endothelial stem cell marker). Density of cells co-expressing these marker combinations was semi-quantitatively assessed in 5 randomly selected high power fields within the tumor area and scored as 1 – one-to-five stained cells in each field, 2 – more than 5 stained cells in each field; any finding less than score 1, was allocated a score of 0.ResultsThere were 26 CAF-poor, 16 CAF-rich and 12 CAF-intermediated cases. CD86⁺αSMA⁺ cells were the most frequent (80.4%) followed by CD80⁺αSMA⁺ (72%) and Nanog⁺αSMA⁺ cells (56%). The CD133⁺αSMA⁺ phenotype was found only in association with blood vessels. High density of αSMA⁺ CAFs was associated with disease recurrence and poor survival (p < 0.05). Increased density of CD86⁺αSMA⁺ cells was significantly associated with CAF-rich tumors and with poor survival (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn TSCC, CAFs demonstrate heterogeneous and overlapping phenotypes with the myeloid/monocytic type being the most frequent and having an impact on the clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed in order to further characterize CAF phenotypes in carcinomas of various oral sites, as this may open new frontiers for personalized medicine.